Gabriel Lippmann
Gabriel Lippmann was a photography inventor fellow.
In 1908, he proposed the first known light field camera, which was used for integral photography. It is so named because it represents the sum of many small photographs, just as an integral in mathematics represents the sum of areas bounded by a function.[1]
Integral photography[edit]
In 1908, Lippmann introduced what he called "integral photography", in which a plane array of closely spaced, small, spherical lenses is used to photograph a scene, recording images of the scene as it appears from many slightly different horizontal and vertical locations. When the resulting images are rectified and viewed through a similar array of lenses, a single integrated image, composed of small portions of all the images, is seen by each eye. The position of the eye determines which parts of the small images it sees. The effect is that the light field of the original scene is reconstructed, so that the limits of the array seem to be the edges of a window through which the scene appears life-size and in three dimensions, realistically exhibiting parallax and perspective shift with any change in the position of the observer.[2] This principle of using numerous lenses or imaging apertures to record what was later termed a light field underlies the evolving technology of light field cameras and light field microscopes.
When Lippmann presented the theoretical foundations of his "integral photography" in March 1908, it was impossible to accompany them with concrete results. At the time, the materials necessary for producing a lenticular screen with the proper optical qualities were lacking. In the 1920s, promising trials were made by Eugène Estanave, using glass Stanhope lenses, and by Louis Lumière, using celluloid.[3] Lippmann's integral photography was the foundation of research on 3D and animated lenticular imagery and also on color lenticular processes.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ↑ "» P.P. Sokolov’s Historical Work on Light Field Photography/Integral Imaging. > FUTUREPICTURE" (in la). 2009-12-01. http://web.archive.org/web/20100114042038if_/http://www.futurepicture.org:80/?p=34.
- ↑ Lippmann, G. (2 March 1908). "Épreuves réversibles. Photographies intégrales". Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences 146 (9): 446–451. Bibcode 1908BSBA...13A.245D. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3100t/f446.image. Reprinted in Benton "Selected Papers on Three-Dimensional Displays".
- ↑ Timby, Kim (2015). 3D and Animated Lenticular Photography: Between Utopia and Entertainment. Berlin: De Gruyter. pp. 81–84. ISBN 978-3-11-041306-9.